Farm septic tanks and shared drainage systems
Farms and converted steadings can have drainage arrangements that differ from those at an individual house. One septic tank may serve a farmhouse, neighbouring cottages, converted accommodation or staff welfare facilities. The number of people using the system and the wastewater entering it need to be considered when planning maintenance.
At working farms, access can also be affected by livestock gates, agricultural vehicles, field conditions and the position of the tank relative to the farmyard. Knowing which access route a tanker can use helps when arranging emptying.
Where several properties share a private sewage treatment system, SEPA states that responsibility for maintaining it is shared between the connected property owners. Maintenance records and an understanding of the shared arrangement are particularly useful where occupancy differs between buildings.
The farm septic tank emptying guide covers the additional considerations for agricultural premises and shared farm drainage systems.
Sewage treatment plant emptying and servicing
Not every private drainage system in Aberdeenshire is a conventional septic tank. Package sewage treatment plants use additional treatment processes and may include pumps, aeration equipment, controls and other components that require maintenance.
These systems still accumulate sludge, but emptying and servicing are separate parts of their maintenance. Sludge removal deals with the material collected in the plant, while servicing involves checking that its treatment equipment and operating components are working as intended.
SEPA advises that package treatment plants should be maintained according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The plant make and model are useful when determining the work required, as different designs have different servicing arrangements.
A sealed cesspit or cesspool works differently again. It stores wastewater without a normal discharge to a drainage field, so the stored contents require collection. The type and size of the installation influence the collection requirements.
For further information, see sewage treatment plant servicing.
Scottish rules for septic tanks in Aberdeenshire
Septic tanks and private sewage treatment systems in Aberdeenshire fall under Scottish environmental regulation. The general binding rules used for small sewage discharges in England are not the applicable regime here.
Where a private sewage treatment system discharges effluent to land or water, an authorisation is required from the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, known as SEPA. For many domestic systems, this takes the form of a registration.
SEPA provides registration arrangements for discharges from up to ten domestic properties, or combinations of domestic and non-domestic properties serving a population equivalent of up to fifty. In these calculations, one domestic property counts as five population equivalent. A permit is required instead for certain discharges, including those to phosphate sensitive catchments and freshwater lochs.
New sewage discharges must connect to the public sewer where possible. Where a private system is used, the relevant Scottish authorisation and maintenance requirements apply.
The official SEPA guidance on septic tanks and private sewage treatment systems explains registration, permits and how to check an existing discharge authorisation.
Checking the tank when buying or selling a rural property
A septic tank or treatment plant is part of the drainage arrangements that should be understood when buying or selling a property without mains drainage. Useful information includes the tank location, the route to the soakaway or discharge point, previous emptying records and any available treatment plant instructions.
The SEPA registration record is also relevant. Owners can check whether an existing discharge is registered and whether the recorded details correspond with the installation. SEPA states that changing the name or address of a property already specified in a registration does not itself require a new registration.
Where there is uncertainty about the tank’s condition, drainage arrangement or maintenance history, a septic tank survey can help establish what is installed and identify matters requiring further attention.
Arranging septic tank emptying in Aberdeenshire
For a septic tank, cesspit or sewage treatment plant collection, the main details needed are the property location, the type of system, its approximate capacity if known and the access available for a tanker.
It is also useful to mention any current problems, such as slow drainage, a high liquid level, an inaccessible cover or an uncertain emptying history. If the system serves a farm, business or several buildings, describe how it is used so the collection requirements can be considered.
Providing these details helps establish the work needed at the property, including whether the request concerns routine sludge removal, a sealed tank collection or a treatment plant requiring separate servicing.